The Feasibility
of Using
Cold-Ironing
> Shore-Port-to-Ship Power
Converters
With all the
studies
conducted, they
have found that
cold-ironing is
feasible. It is
most cost
effective for
container ships,
passenger ships
and reefers.
These ships
account for 56
percent of all
the ships' visits
to the
California ports.
The passenger
ships and
container ships
are both growing
dramatically.
Cold-ironing is
less feasible
for ships with
infrequent and
irregular
visits,
especially for
ships with
lower power
needs and
shorter berthing
times, such as
tankers and bulk
cargo ships.
The most
important reason
for using
cold-ironing is
to reduce the
diesel PM, which
is where the
majority of
potential
airborne cancer
risk exists.
One challenge
for using cold
ironing is
the variable of
the electrical
requirements on
the ships. Ocean
going vessels
fall into two
categories, low-voltage and
high-voltage.
Except for
passenger ships,
high voltage is
nominally 6.6kV
and low-voltage
is around 440V.
For passenger
ships, high
voltage is
11.0V, while
low-voltage is
6.6V. This
challenge can be
overcome by
using a
shore-port-to-ship
power
converter. These
converters are
used to convert
frequencies,
voltages and
phases.
Shore-port-to-ship
power converters
should also
offer line
isolation,
harmonic
cancellation and
power factor
correction. One
of the questions
asked,
"Should the port
or ship have the
converter?" At
this point, most
of the ships
have been
retrofitted to
handle this
problem. The
worse problem
the ships have is
finding the
space to put the
converter. Most
new vessels are
already designed
to accommodate a
converter, but
some older ships do not have
the space to do
this.
In this report,
we have taken
the estimated
cost to retrofit
a ship based on
the information
available from
the China
Shipping
Project,
Princess
Cruises, and NYK
Container-Ship
reports.
According to
Princess
Cruises, the
cold-ironing
project cost an
average of around
$500,000 per
ship. This cost
includes the
electrical
equipment
necessary to
synchronize the
ship's electrical
system with the
shore system,
which eliminates
any
interruption of
power on the
ship.
NYK construction
cost for the
equipment is
estimated at around
$830,000. To
retrofit a ship,
the estimated
cost is between
$200,000 to
$574,0000.
Shore-side costs
vary from site
to site and can
vary widely. The
largest cost is
usually the
modifications of
the existing
electrical
equipment to
handle the
additional power
to specific
terminals. The
cost depends on
the availability
and proximity of
adequate
electrical power
and
varies from port
to port.
Energy costs
will be
cheaper by
utilizing cold-ironing.
Due to world
events and high
demand for
petroleum
products, the
cost of fuel has
gone up
considerably.
Another factor
is the cost of
using union
electricians to
both connect and
disconnect
electrical power
for these ships.
Even with all
these costs, the
long-term savings
and benefits
of improving our
air and cutting
down on air
pollutants far
out weights the
expense.
Ports all over
the world are
looking at using
shore power and
are starting to
offer terminals
with shore-port-to-ship
power
capabilities.
Cruise ships
are now setting
up all their
vessels for
shore power.
In addition,
China has set up
their large
container ships
to use shore
power. The Navy
has used this
method for
years. This will be the
wave of the
future as nations
around the world
realize we need
to protect our
environment for
future
generations.
As this method
becomes global,
there will be
the
increase in the
use of
shore-port-to-ship
power converters.
Because each
port will have
different
frequencies and
voltages, a
converter becomes
an economical
solution. A TEMCo
Shore-Port-to-Ship
Power Converter
is a unique
frequency
converter that
performs
multiple
functions. It
provides the
possibility to
connect to any
shore power
connection
anywhere in the
world ranging
from 25 kVA to
over 400 kVA.
Supplying power
is only half of
what this
converter does,
it also
stabilizes and
offers power
factor
correction.
About
TEMCo
TEMCo has many years of
experience.
They
manufacture
and develop
industrial power
solutions and
are dedicated
to using the
highest quality
materials.
TEMCo has a staff of
highly trained
engineers that
can design your
equipment to
meet any of your
application
requirements,
and they
provide the
latest and best
technology the
industry has to
offer.
TEMCo has
had
extensive
experience
manufacturing
electrical power
products since
1968.
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